@TSMAX, there is still brake pad material between the screamer and the rotor. The screamer is that silver metal piece mounted on the pad itself and towards the bottom of your photo. The screamers purpose is to make a really annoying metal on metal sound when the pad wears down so that the screamer touches the disk. When the screamer hits the disk, the pads must be replaced urgently... Did I say it makes an really annoying sound...
But it’s not just pads that are an issue, if rotors are undersized (below the minimum thickness stamped on the rotor itself) then the rotor must also be replaced.
Usually, a dealer will make an estimation of whether the pads & rotors will fall outside minimum specs before the car has reached its next service interval. Most of the time they are rather over eager for you to change your pads and rotors.
Someone posted on another thread that the pads are 10mm when new (but I’m not sure if this is true). Assuming this is true, I’d measure the thickness of the pad material from the screamer tip towards the backing plate, the stuff that’s left once the screamer starts to annoy you with that noise, so let’s assume it’s 2mm. Then measure the distance between the tip of the screamer and the outside edge of the pad in mm, let’s say that is 3mm. The total pad used is 10-(2+3)=5mm. Given that the vehicle has traveled 40,000km (nice round number) and used 5mm of pad material, the distance per mm of pad material left is 40,000/(510-2)=8000kms per my. Since you have 3mm till you hit the screamer, you have 8000*3=24,000kms left before the screamer annoys the heck out of you... BUT be warned, it’s an estimation (based on fictional numbers I’ve pulled out of the air... measure them yourself and do the calculation yourself). ALSO, it’s important to check both sides of the caliper and all corners and take the worst calculation.
Similar can be done with rotors but don’t know how thick they are new and how accurate they can be measured when worn and if grooved. Rotors can be machined but sadly there isn’t much meat on these performance rotors so replacement is usually the chosen option (otherwise you risk machine, measure, scrap...)
Hopefully you have enough info to work things out yourself.