Not_An_Abba_Fan
Exhaust Guru
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The argument that emissions reduction is always about money has a few holes in it.
You only have to look at how much the internal combustion engine has improved in efficiency, both in terms of power output and emissions reduction, since emissions standards were introduced. Clever and innovative companies developed engines that were modern and extremely efficient. They used less fuel, developed more power and their emissions were a fraction of the engines that preceeded them. Some manufacturers got it right from day one. Australia, on the other hand, got the HX. Old timers like me recall what a dog the ADR 27A engines were. Time and money led to much better engines in local cars, but if emissions standards had never been introduced, what sort of engines might we have today?
California has the toughest standards in the US. They may seem excessive to us, but eventually, we will probably go the same way. It isn't just a matter of paying levies to governments - as technology evolves, more efficient engines continue to arrive and the consumer is generally the beneficiary, not just the government.
The internal combustion engine hasn't really changed in the 130 years that it has been around. It's the controls that have changed. Engine management systems and emission controls have become more efficient, the engine itself is the same. I think we would have very similar engines as we have now had not the controls been put in place, but they would have more power and be more economical, sure, they would produce more NOx, CO and other "pollutants", but would it really be much worse? From the numbers Raj put up, even if man contributed 5% to the worlds carbon emissions, it's still bugger all compared to the earth's own contribution to it's so called demise.