SAE is the oil ratings standard at which our oils are measured against, for EG 20W 50 which is the measurement of COLD pumping and
cranking at a certain temperature point, then the second number is Viscosity rating @ 100 Deg C.
Cranking and Pumping are measured in centipoise, the oil has to meet certain measurements to achieve a rating number.
The Second number is measured in Kinematic centistokes, this is measured @ 100 Deg C and has to meet a MIN and MAX range to determine
it's rating number.
Centipoise as i understand it is related to centistokes, 1 poise of fluid has the density of 1 gram per cubic centimeter and the
kinematic viscosity of 1 stoke, 1 stoke is 1 centimeter squared per second.
So For eg the stock oil 20W 50
20W(Winter or Cold) Rating is 4500 centipoise @ -10 Deg C While Cranking and 60,000 centipoise @ - 20 Deg C while Pumping these are MAX
ratings, if it was a higher centipoise number it would then go into the 25W Viscosity Grade. So 20W oil when @ -10 Deg C Cranks oil at
4500 centipoise, which is 0.04500 grams per cubic centimeter and moves @ 0.04500 centimeters squared per second.
50 Rating is 16.3 Centistokes MIN @ 100 Deg C and 21.9 Centistokes MAX @ 100 DEG c. so the oil flow will be between 0.163 & 0.219
Centimeters squared per second @ 100 Deg C, outside of this range then will cause oil shear or stress.
So to those people running 60 Rating oils it will be 21.9 Centistokes MIN & 26.1 Centistokes max so the oil flow @ 100Deg C will be
greater.
Also the Different winter grades remain relitivly the same measurements, just the temperature drops so the viscosity that 15w achieves
while cranking @ -15 Deg is the same as 10w but while cranking at -20 Deg C, so this may mean different centipoise figures above these
temperatures So a Low W number may aid in cold starting even though the oil is not at negative whatever..
0W -30C Crank -40C Pumping
5W -25C Crank -35C Pumping
10W -20C Crank -30C Pumping
15W -15C Crank -25C Pumping
20W -10C Crank -20C Pumping
25W -5C Crank -15C Pumping
Hot Ratings MIN MAX @ 100 Deg C
20 5.6 9.3
30 9.3 12.5
40 12.5 16.3
50 16.3 21.9
60 21.9 26.1
Here's a handy calculator
Calculator
So now you can go onto your oil brands website download there spec sheet and compair it against a competitors oil to check there cold and
hot ratings. Note i may have some calculations wrong please correct me, it's all on the net & books anyway.