I'm gonna disagree with just the bit about O2 sensors lasting the lifetime of a vehicle, sure they will continue to operate but over time they can become lazy and have the engine running less than optimal.
It may be true that our o2 and cat sensors become lazy over time but it may also be caused in part because of the chemical crap we sometimes have added to our fuels (as the fuels composition isn’t tightly regulated.).
Heck I’ve heard that paint stripper was sometimes added in rather low concentrations (probably as a method of disposal)… We aren’t told much about the additives fuel companies use but we do hear vapours from some silicons will kill o2 and cats…
For example my daily is supposed to run well on 91 and most of the time it runs very well on this lower grade fuel. But every handful of fills, I get pinging under load because the 91 is crap on that occasion. That can’t be great for o2 sensors or the cats long term. On its own in a one off situation it‘s probably no problem at all but over time it’s like the cut of 1000 knives. Eventually such things will make sensors and cats lazy and eventually kill them
I‘m sure vehicle manufacturers know the truth based on o2 sensor sales in different markets with differing fuel standards but they don’t tell.… Heck, GM/H tells us any noises one hears including piston slaps and rattles are “normal” (and they even tried to blame fuel when their injectors started to poo themselves) so it’s not as if they have an impeccable record of truth telling
And BP is really trustworthy with good engineering in its deep sea wells so nothing to worry about there either
PS: a catalyst by definition isn’t consumed or degraded during the chemical reaction it’s used for so it must always be contamination that kills it
O2 sensors use catalyst type of reaction (in that they are not consumed) that can also suffer from contamination, not just from the exhaust but even from the atmosphere side of the sensor*). The real question is whether the contamination is the cause of the lazy sensor and vehicle manufacturers won’t say
* there is a type of o2 sensor that doesn’t need to be open to atmosphere for it to work so doesn’t suffer from atmospheric contamination but no idea if it’s widely used in ICE.