1. If the thermo is stuck the engine will overheat because there is no coolant flow through the radiator but a thermo that then opens is not going to blow your top hose off if everything is tight and in good condition. It is only going to allow cooolant to begin flowing through the radiator.\
2. I suspect the engine overheated because the top hose blew off first and coolant poured out.
I would tend to suspect either :
A. The hose was progressively getting loose and finally blew off a soon as enough pressure built up in the system;
OR
B. The plastic neck on the radiator is damaged or has deteriorated in which event the hose will more than likely blow off again. If it is the original radiator in the car I would suspect the neck so I would remove the top hose and check the neck's condition carefully. (BTW, if the radiator hoses on the car are also still the originals they are just past their use by date for a 2008 and should be replaced.)
If you have just added water to the radiator you will have totally diluted the Dexcool in the radiator and it will no longer do its job of protecting against corrosion in your engine and cooling system. It should be flushed out and refilled with new Dexcool. If you buy the Dexcool concentrate dilute 50/50 with distilled or demineralised water. Valvoline make a ready to pour 5 litre pre- mixed Dexcool (Zerex) which is widely available and as it is pre mixed you can just pour it in. They also do a Dexcool concentrate. Look for the GM6277M compliance statement on the product (you will find it on the Valvoline Dexcool product).
Passenger Car | Valvoline.com.au