The braking system in modern cars, especially the ABS modulator/accumulator, is a complex bit of kit which the following simplified description explain somewhat.
The following tear down is also interesting.
So if one doesn’t fully comprehend the above and how the hydraulic circuits within are routed (as well as how air entrapment can occur, how air even gets into the system) it probably ain’t a great idea to be faffing around with it. Best get the system correctly bled at a dealer or brake specialist.
Sadly the above isn’t really clear on the hydraulic pathways within the ABS system used in our VF’s… Neither is the workshop manual PDF…
Speaking of which, the workshop manual explicitly state the following within the process for hydraulic brake system bleeding (manual):
Note: If it is determined that air was induced into the system upstream of the hydraulic modulator assembly prior to servicing, the Antilock Brake System Automated Bleed Procedure must be performed. Refer to Antilock Brake System Automated Bleed.
I‘d guess the way air can get in is via the fluid level within the BMC reservoir being drained (through careless bleeding) or disconnection of a brake line upstream of abs modulator.
I’ve also read that air downstream can get into the system by being sucked in past the calliper piston seals during lengthy abs operation. How true it is who knows but normal flushing can get rid of such down stream air.
Old brakes were so much simpler. All one needed was 1/2 a brain, the correct sized ring spinner for the calliper bleed nipples and maybe a clear tube to go over the bleed nipple and into a small container with some brake fluid in it