adox... Look up how speakers work in Google or something. Sound is waves which are pretty much equal in positive and negative, so the speaker moves equally out as it does in, so no matter which way you wire it, it will be moving the same amount both ways. The + and - are just so you wire everything the same way, the speaker is designed to work either way.
Milkman... Everything needs to have a common earth, so if one earth is slightly resistive, the power tries to follow the path of least resistance and that might mean going via the RCA's to the other device... This is bad.
Read the link below about engine noise:
http://www.caraudioaustralia.com/forums/index.php?showtopic=42644
Also, do a search for "whine" or "hum", there is lots of topics about engine noise.
I just want to question number 6... As far as i've seen YELLOW is CONSTANT and RED is ACCESSORIES.