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”hard to” is just a lack of imagination
Heck the guy in the pic can even send sms while carrying lots of stuff
OK, when you mentioned broken, i assumed broken off and missing… hense a need to look inside the cylinder…
Still, inspecting the condition of the cylinder may be a good idea but much less of an critical issue if nothing fell off the spark plug itself. Just do a compression test as that gives you an idea of engine condition…
As to batteries, they can be a real pain and have you thinking all is ok when that’s not the case, so best to just get them load tested as open circuit voltage can be very misleading of battery condition as already mentioned by others.
Me, I‘ve always been of the view that the biggest CCA and Ah battery one could fit in their car was better than a small anaemic and cheap battery the manufacturer installed. And that view was from way back when old cars had little to no electronics or smarts… With today’s high electrical load vehicles, higher capacity batteries are even more important…
Just remember that the car had problems the previous owner couldn’t fix or couldn’t afford to fix, which is probably why it was sold… So don’t spend more than the car is worth as you’ll overcapitalise.
If it’s just a thing that you want to learn on, keep a budget in mind. Unfortunately learning about cars can be difficult to do unless you have someone knowledgeable to guide you. It can also be a very expensive excessive. And friends who love spending your money may not be the knowledgeable guidance you need, so keep reality and the vehicles commercial value in perspective…